I see that you have co-sponsored HR 1326, the Great Ape Protection Act. Although this bill would impose important controls on research that can cause suffering in higher primates, its noble goal must be balanced with the occasional need for invasive research using great apes when no other animal or system can substitute. For instance, in the case of a new vaccine for hepatitis C, wouldn't it be better, after all other available strategies have been completed and have proven safe in other animals, to test the safety of this vaccine on apes before risking it in humans? Although all life is precious, do we really want to equate the value of an ape's life with that of a human life? This is a philosophical question, not a scientific one, and I do respect the many animal rights advocates who place human and animal life on par. However, the reality is that this equation of human and non-human life is not the majority view, and this legislation ought to reflect that. So, I hope that you will consider introducing an amendment to HR 1326 that would provide for a stringent review by an independent panel of scientists, veterinarians and members of the community (with a membership similar to that of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees), to establish whether, in each individual case, the science in a proposal is so compelling and carries such great potential benefit to humanity that an exception to this ban on ape research ought to be granted. I imagine that such exceptions ought to be rare - but they ought to be possible. Please DO NOT implement a blanket ban on ape research, without any possibility of rare exceptions.